Now we’ll expand on that by drawing some people here. We feel like this part of the picture is farther away than this part. This immediately gives us a sense of depth to our picture. So here’s a horizon here and then we’ll just have some train tracks which sort of converge off in the distance. We’ll start with this simple idea that I mentioned here. I’m not a great artist so it probably won’t be amazing but we’ll get an idea of each of the cues in practice. Now this obvious this obviously is a flat 2D picture but hopefully it will have some sense of depth. OK so I thought I would draw a picture here and try to use each of these different cues and see how they would work in an actual picture. You can sort of automatically calculate without even thinking about how big of a step you have to take in order to get up that curb. You use this every time you walk up a flight of stairs or even just as you walk and you see the slight shadow cast by a sidewalk. This is the idea that we use the way that shadows fall in order to tell us about how close things are to us. If I have hand here and you can’t see my face anymore that tells you that my hand is closer to you than my face. This is just the idea that if something blocks the view of another object, then it’s probably closer to you. It’s not really far off in the distance because if it were, you wouldn’t be able to see it that clearly. We can see textures and so if you’re looking out and you can see lots of details on something, very clearly and crisply, that tells you that it’s probably close to you. This is the idea that we can see things more clearly when they’re close to us. This is the idea that things that are closer to us appear to be bigger so if we look at two people, if we look down the sidewalk and we see one person that the image on the retina is much larger than the other person, we assume the people are probably roughly the same size but that one person is much closer to us than the other one. So if you look at the train tracks they appear to join together in the distance even though of course they don’t actually join together, they stay parallel. So what are these monocular cues? The first we have is linear perspective and this is the idea that parallel lines converge as they travel away from us into the distance. We’ll see later there’s other cues that involve the use of both eyes. The first group of cues that we’ll talk about are called monocular cues and that just means “one eye” so these are cues that work even if you only use one eye. So how is it that we’re able to feel like the world in 3D when we look around? These are a number of different cues that our brain uses to figure out how much depth there is in particular situations and how far away things are from us. So we see a world that appears to be three dimensional and yet our retinas are flat surfaces that light is projected onto. In this video I want to explain how we’re able to perceive depth. Hi, I’m Michael Corayer and this is Psych Exam Review. Need more explanation? Check out my full psychology guide: Master Introductory Psychology: įor more explanation of 3D movies, check out this blog post. These include monocular cues (linear perspective, relative size, texture gradient, interposition, and shading), motion-based cues (motion parallax and optic flow) and binocular cues (disparity and convergence).ĭon’t forget to subscribe to the channel to see future videos! Have questions or topics you’d like to see covered in a future video? Let me know by commenting or sending me an email! Suggests how the lines of vision from each eye converge at different angles on objects at different differences.Īnimals that can camouflage is an example of destroying this.In this video I describe the many cues that we use to perceive depth and experience a 3D world based on the 2D information from our retinas. The way that your left eye and your right eye view slightly different images. Visual cues requiring the use of both eyes If you're looking at something closer, it will reflect more light than an object farther away. Because we perceive the lower part of a figure-ground illustration as closer, we perceive it as a figure.Ī gradual change from a coarse, distinct texture to a fine, indistinct texture signals increasing distance. We perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away. We view objects that are closer to us as moving faster than objects that are further away from us. Two parallel lines appear to come together in the distance When an object blocks another object, it appears closer Objects that are near seem crisper and clear and further away seem blurrier Sense experience that occurs after a visual stimulus has been removedĪbility to perceive the world in three dimensions (3D) and the distance of an object. The process of creating meaningful patterns from raw sensory information
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